The unexpected attack by Israel on Iran, a major oil-producing nation, may undermine anaemic global economic growth and hinder central banks’ ability to cope in an already uncertain market. Iran exports up to 2 million barrels of oil and refined petroleum products per day (million barrels per day – mbd).

Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei rejected President Trump's demand for unconditional surrender amid escalating tensions involving Israel. Trump hinted at possible U.S. military intervention, while Israel launched strikes on Tehran,

Oil prices surged, stocks dropped and investors flocked to safe havens like gold on Friday after tensions between Israel and Iran escalated, stoking concerns of a broader conflict in the region.