A new method to evaluate the role of fractional crystallization is presented in this paper, based on the Rayleigh Law for trace elements. A major element "j" (x) and a trace element "i" (y) of a set ...

The magmatic layers of the oceanic crust are created at constructive plate margins by partial melting of the mantle as it wells up. The chemistry of ocean floor basalts, the most accessible product of ...

When two-dimensional electron systems are subjected to magnetic fields at low temperatures, they can exhibit interesting states of matter, such as fractional quantum Hall liquids. These are exotic ...

Researchers at the US’s Idaho National Laboratory have taken a water treatment technology and adapted it for selectively separating rare earth elements and transition metals. This chemical process, ...