Hidden in the stormy Furious Fifties, the South Sandwich Islands generate spectacular cloud formations. Winds sweeping past ...

Thick magma forces its way upwards for a short distance ... intrusions in Scotland can be found at Dumbarton Rock (a volcanic plug in Dumbarton) and Loudoun Hill (a volcanic plug in Ayrshire).

These conditions, likely in an ocean depleted of dissolved oxygen with a strong volcanic or hydrothermal influence, would have helped to support microbial growth, potentially spurring biological ...