As the magma cools, mineral crystals will begin to grow ... causing them to change into another type of rock. They are usually resistant to weathering and erosion and are therefore very hard ...

Chalcedonies include many types of cryptocrystalline quartz gems ... are made of clusters or mixtures of minerals, and minerals and rocks affect landform development and form natural resources ...

NASA's Perseverance rover, which has been exploring Mars since 2021, fired its laser at some oddly pale rocks on the surface of the Red Planet—and found evidence that Mars may have once been warm, wet ...

Some minerals in rocks and organic matter (e.g., wood, bones, and shells) can contain radioactive isotopes. The abundances of parent and daughter isotopes in a sample can be measured and used to ...

Primary minerals form at elevated temperatures from cooling magma during the original solidification of rock or during metamorphism, and they are usually derived from igneous and metamorphic rocks ...

Critical minerals are in demand around the world for military, technological and other uses. A geoscientist shares what’s ...

This is a two-day event that began at 9 a.m. and ended at 6 p.m. John Rogers is vice president of the Mississippi Gem and Mineral Society. Rogers said that this event is showcasing types of rocks that ...