In science and health, we are often looking for results that are considered to be “statistically significant.” The golden rule is if the p-value is less than 0.05, then the result is statistically ...

where p is the p-value) 2. The S-value expresses the self-information given by the datasets with respect to the null-hypothesis rather than a probability or evidence against it. However, the S-value, ...

If you cast a wide enough net, you’ll find what looks like a prize-winning fish. But you’ll also catch a lot of seaweed, plastic debris, and maybe even a dolphin you didn’t mean to bring in. Such is ...

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When testing new treatments, drugmakers must show that their formulation bears out better results than a placebo in clinical trials. In fact, the new drug must outperform the placebo by a ...

A small p-value often means the observed data effect is statistically significant. Set a significance level to compare with the p-value to validate investment hypotheses. Utilizing p-values in Excel ...

Recently, several experiments have been performed based on bivariate data. As a result, bivariate data analysis is critical in statistical research and is typical of many studies. One of the important ...

The pursuit of science is designed to search for significance in a maze of data. At least, that’s how it’s supposed to work. To support or refute a hypothesis, the goal is to establish statistical ...