Extremum seeking control (ESC) is a model-free adaptive technique for driving a nonlinear dynamical system towards an optimal operating point in real time. Rather than relying on detailed mathematical ...
Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP) has emerged as a powerful framework for the design of optimal control policies in nonlinear dynamical systems, particularly when precise mathematical models are ...
Nonlinear dynamical systems are systems that can undergo sudden shifts not due to changes in their state or stability, but in response to the rate at which external conditions or parameters change.