Graph curvature and Laplacian operators form a vibrant area of research at the intersection of differential geometry and graph theory. The concept of graph curvature, inspired by classical Ricci ...
Carpathian Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 39, No. 1 (2023), pp. 213-230 (18 pages) The normalized distance Laplacian matrix of a connected graph G, denoted by D𝓛(G), is defined by D𝓛(G) = ...
In this study, we aim to determine the unique tetracyclic graph that maximizes the signless Laplacian Estrada index (SLEE) among all tetracyclic graphs. The SLEE of a graph Ω is defined as the sum of ...
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