The base layer can be either stones packed together without any binding agent or a combination of stone and asphalt binder. Once road builders make the base, it is time to build the asphalt ...

Asphalt composition is the main factor that ... as well as to the cohesion of the seal binder layer. To do this, the maltenes must disperse into the existing hard binder. This process is diffusion ...

“As long as nothing is loose, as long as the asphalt binder hasn’t been destroyed ... to create minimal surface damage to the top layer of the asphalt surface, the pavement now is in stage ...